The living medium that anchors roots, holds water and nutrients, and supports billions of microorganisms essential for plant growth and nutrient cycling.
Soil is far more than dirt. It's a living ecosystem containing minerals, organic matter, water, air, and countless microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa) that break down matter, cycle nutrients, and support plant health. Healthy soil feeds plants, filters water, and supports beneficial organisms. Poor soil (compacted, lifeless) blocks all these functions.
Understanding that soil is living and manageable helps you improve it. You're not stuck with poor native soil; you can amend and improve it through compost and organic matter additions.